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History
A legend about Měšek the duke of Těšín describes the origin of the town Orlová and of its name. During hunting in his deep forest he, his wife Ludmila and their followers sat down, because of the midday rest. At the same time a big eagle bearing the Host flew up from the near bushes and dropped it just over the heads of the surprised princely couple. The princess gave birth to their son Kazimír became the gentleman farmer of the Těšín dominion. The happy father saw in this event a God´s sign and he let to build a chapel there. Later he gave to the community the name Orlová after the eagle. So far a popular legend.
Up to the present days an impressive two-tower churých in a neo-Gothic style rises on a high rock over the Orlová square since 1905. In that year an original church from 1466 was replaced. This church was improved in 18 century where the original Měšek´s log chapel was replaced. The neo-Gothic church of the Virgin Mary´s birth with the stately stairs and four sculptures is the most important architectonic and cultural sight of the town.
The first written mention about the existence of Orlová is in the dokument written by Vavřinec the bishop from Wroclaw in 1223. The community created the centre of the area known as Sal (salt) and belonged to the Benedictines Order Libiny in the monastery in Týnec near Krakov. The name Orlová was mentioned for the first time in 1227. The Benedictines built a monastery in Orlová (1291).
It became the residence of tha abbacy which influenced in an economic way the area about 160 square km in the neighbourhood of Orlová till 1560. After secularization of the monasterial properte the monastery obtained the kin of Gypsies from Slupsko (till 1619) after than the Bludovskys from Bludov (1619-1838) and after their extinction the kin of Mattencloit obtained the properte in Orlová who in 1844 gave the right to exploit a coal mine to the kin of the Rothschilds. The Bludovskys built a chateau in the neighbourhood of the church in 1765 which was because of undermining cleared in the seventies. Since 1902 the chateau served as a town hospital, too.
In the Middle Agens Orlová was an agricultural community. The craftsmanship was important there, most of all the linen-drapers. The Essentials change in the life of Orlová brought the beginning of mining in the 19th century. There was an increase in population and the housing area was changing, too. The typical miner settlement arises by the side of the arising mining activities. The first mining efforts were made in Orlová in 1817. In 1850 there were 16 coal mines in Orlová and Lazy. The construction of the railways between Košice and Bohumín was very important for development of the coal mining in 1869. The community got a railway connection to all important centres in the Austria-Hungary monarchy.
The industrial development brought both social and cultural booms. In the beginning of the 20th century Orlová became the centre of Czech and Polish education, the place of many cultural and sports associations, museum and it was the business centre of the whole Těšín area. After the World War I in 1922 Orlová obtained the town rights and during the period of the first Czechoslovakia Republic Orlová is a very important industrial and social centre of the Fryštát district. There is a decline of the prosperity in the thirties particularly in the period of the world economic depression. At that time there were a lot of social unrests and strikes.
The most important one was the strike in Orlová in 1925 where during the intervention by the police four people were killed.
After the Munich dictate the Orlová area was rendered up to Poland for one year period and after than it became a part of Germany Empire. Even when the occupation did not bring any serious war damages dutiny the war period a lot of important personages from economic and cultural areas left the town because of the systematic Germanization pressure. In spite of this influence after the liberation and in the period after the World War II Orlová became an important industrial centre where the coal mining is the most important orientation of the industry. Immediately after the World War II in 1946 the community Poruba was connected to Orlová and Lazy and later in 1960 the community Horní Lutyně, too. The all the time increasing coal mining cause mine damages on houses and architectonic objects mostly in Orlová and Lazy areas. Because of the damages there was a thought of a whole liquidation of towns and localities. After connection of the community Horní Lutyně this intention was changed in a thought to build a big housing estate in the area of this community, which could offer new homes to people from the undermining areas in Orlová and at the same time to new citizens who will come to work to Orlová on the campaign of mines for new miners. The construction of the housing estate beran in 1963.
In November 1989 there was a big change which meant for Orlová progress mostly in two following areas. The one-tracked industrial orientation of the town has been changed. The structure of employees orientated towards the mine employees has been changed, too and has begun to be the same as in the other standard towns – that means a more important part in services and light industries. The philosophy of the approach to the historical area of the town has changed in a considerable way. A restoration process has been started. Nowadays it concentrates on preservation of the handed down architecture. The target is to arrange condition for housing and to revive areas after elimination of coal mining influences. A lot of buildings and houses were saved from their destruction for example an important sight – the historical town hall – built in 1928.
An impressive two-tower church of the Virgin Mary´s birth in a neo-Gothic style from 1905 and a the town hall from 1928 in the square in Orlová-Město have been preserved from the historical town heart. The church has replaced an original church from 1466. The town hall has a nice great hall for festive civil occasions. There is a small show room of the Těšín Museum in the square. The restorated chateau park not far from the square offers a nice place of repose.
TOWN EMBLEM
Spread-eagle – a symbol attached to the podest history of the municipality. This symbol is expressive of the town name – the eagle means in Czech orel – ORLOVÁ
Tree – coat-of arms. You can find it in the podest sesle. Orlová was established in the filed virgin forest. There is a broadleaved tree in the coat-of arms.
Mining symbols – Advancement of the municipality Orlová. Increase in population because of expansion of coal mining brought the declaration of a town statute.
SOME STOPPING AND INVITATION TO SIGHT-SEEING
The housing estates represent the larger part of the town. They are not a dwelling-place only. There are a lot of buildings and institutions for the high life and cultural occasions: the assembly hall, town library, cinema „Vesmír“ with the latest projection system, youth centre and the Basic Music School.
The whole town is involved in verdancy. There are a lot of opportunities for a walk or a stay in the woody park, cinema in the open air or in many pubs. The building of the municipal office is in the centre of new housing area.
WHERE TO GO IN FOR HIGH LIFE AND CULTURAL OCCASIONS
There are wide entertainment and educational offers for Citizen and visitors – picture gallery, theatre plays, cinema, competition in parlour or disco dancing, concerts of classical music, folk and country cinema festivals. There are Days of the town Orlová in May.
If you would like to know how the people live in Orlová and what they are able to do in September you can come and see the exhibition „The garden and the healthy town“ or in November or at Easter and Christmas the exhibition of various club activities.
WHERE TO GO IN FOR SPORTS
You can become familiar with this town or its neighbourhood on the walks or riding a bicycle. There are a lot of signed bicycle wals leasing to the sports area with an ice stadium, football and volleyball sport grounds, tennis courts, a swimming pool in the open air and a mini golf course. You can try out the mountain climbing wall in the covered stadium of the grammar school. Since many years the town Orlová is an organizer of teh cycling races GRACIA ČEZ EDĚ, which is included in the World Cup championship.
THE NEIGHBOURHOOD OF THE TOWN ORLOVÁ AND THE OTHER INTERESTING PLACES
There is an interesting landscape reservation with ponds and Burda in the municipality Rychvald in the direction of Ostrava. A bus or a train from Karviná, Dětmarovice, Bohumín or Havířov will take you to the range of hills Beskids not far from here. You can enjoy swimming and water sports at the dams in Žermanice and Těrlicko not far from here.